Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm Thiab Daim Ntawv Thov Ntawm Lub Xeev Laser

Khoom Laseryog lub laser uas siv cov khoom siv laser ua cov khoom ua haujlwm. Lub ruby ​​laser invented los ntawm TH Maiman nyob rau hauv 1960 yog ib tug solid-state laser thiab lub ntiaj teb no thawj laser. Cov khoom siv laser feem ntau muaj cov khoom siv ua haujlwm laser, excitation qhov chaw, tsom kab noj hniav, resonant kab noj hniav reflector thiab fais fab mov.

Cov khoom siv ua haujlwm siv hauv hom laser no yog tsim los ntawm doping hlau ions uas tuaj yeem tsim cov emissions rau hauv cov siv lead ua. Muaj peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau ions uas tuaj yeem tsim cov emissions hauv cov khib nyiab: (1) hloov pauv hlau ions (xws li Cr3 ntxiv ); (2) feem ntau lanthanide hlau ions (xws li Nd3 ntxiv, Sm2 ntxiv, Dy2 ntxiv, thiab lwm yam); (3) actinium Nws yog hlau ion (xws li U3 ntxiv). Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau ions doped rau hauv cov khoom matrix yog: kuj dav zoo nqus spectral band, kuj zoo fluorescence efficiency, kuj ntev fluorescence lub neej thiab kuj nqaim fluorescence spectral kab, yog li ntawd lawv yog nquag particle tooj inversion thiab stimulated emission. Cov khoom siv dag siv ua siv lead ua matrix feem ntau suav nrog: corundum (NaAlSi2O6), yttrium aluminium garnet (Y3Al5, O12), calcium tungstate (CaWO4), calcium fluoride (CaF2), thiab lwm yam, thiab yttrium aluminate (YAlO3), beryllium Lanthanum. acid (La2Be2O5), thiab lwm yam. Cov iav substrate siv yog cov khoom siv zoo silicate optical iav, xws li cov iav iav uas siv barium yas thiab calcium yas yas. Piv nrog crystalline matrices, cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm iav matrices yog qhov yooj yim ntawm kev npaj thiab yooj yim muaj cov ntaub ntawv zoo hauv qhov loj. Lub ntsiab yuav tsum tau muaj rau cov muaju thiab iav substrates yog: yooj yim incorporation ntawm luminescent hlau ions rau ua kom; zoo spectral yam ntxwv, optical transmittance yam ntxwv thiab ib tug high degree ntawm kho qhov muag (refractive index) uniformity; Cov khoom siv lub cev tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ntev laser thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg (xws li cov khoom siv thermal, cov khoom tiv thaiv degradation, tshuaj stability, thiab lwm yam). Crystal lasers feem ntau sawv cev los ntawm ruby ​​(Al2O3: Cr3 ntxiv) thiab neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (abbreviated li YAG: Nd3 ntxiv). Cov iav lasers feem ntau sawv cev los ntawm neodymium iav lasers.

Cov khoom siv laser ua haujlwm

Cov khoom siv ua haujlwm ntawm lub xeev laser yog tsim los ntawm optically pob tshab siv lead ua los yog iav raws li cov khoom siv matrix, doped nrog activating ions los yog lwm yam activating tshuaj. Cov khoom siv ua haujlwm no feem ntau yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv lub cev-tshuaj zoo, nqaim fluorescence spectral kab, muaj zog thiab dav nqus bands thiab siab fluorescence quantum efficiency.

Cov khoom siv iav laser ua haujlwm tau yooj yim ua rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv loj loj thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv high-zog lossis high-peak-power lasers. Txawm li cas los xij, nws txoj kab fluorescence spectrum yog dav dua thiab nws cov thermal ua haujlwm tsis zoo, ua rau nws tsis tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm hauv nruab nrab lub zog siab. Cov tsom iav neodymium feem ntau suav nrog silicate, phosphate thiab fluorophosphate tsom iav. Thaum xyoo 1980s, neodymium iav nrog qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub tsis zoo tau tsim tiav, uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv nruab nrab thiab me me lub zog lasers nrog cov nqi rov ua dua.

Cov ntaub ntawv siv lead ua laser ua haujlwm feem ntau muaj cov khoom siv thermal thiab cov khoom siv zoo thiab cov kab fluorescence spectral nqaim, tab sis siv lead ua kev loj hlob technology kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv loj loj yog qhov nyuaj. Txij li thaum xyoo 1960, ntau tshaj 300 hom oxide thiab fluoride crystals doped nrog ntau yam tsawg lub ntiaj teb hlau los yog hloov hlau ions tau ua tiav laser oscillation. Feem ntau siv laser siv lead ua muaj xws li ruby ​​(Cr: Al2O3, wavelength 6943 Angstroms), neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd: Y3Al5O12, hu ua Nd: YAG, wavelength 1.064 microns), lithium yttrium fluoride (LiYF4, lithium yttrium fluoride) Nd: YLF, wavelength 1.047 lossis 1.05 microns; Ho: Er: Tm: YLF, wavelength 2.06 microns), thiab lwm yam.

Txij li thaum xyoo 1973, muaj lwm hom kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kheej lub laser siv lead ua. Nws cov activated ions yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov siv lead ua, yog li cov concentration ntawm activated ions siab thiab fluorescence quenching yuav tsis tshwm sim. Qhov no siv lead ua muaj laser nce siab thiab tsis muaj qhov pib rho tawm. Lub ntsiab ntau yam muaj xws li neodymium pentaphosphate (NdP5O14), lithium neodymium tetraphosphate (NdLiP4O12), thiab neodymium aluminium borate (NdAl3 (BO4) 3). Lawv feem ntau loj hlob los ntawm txoj kev molten ntsev thiab muaj cov siv lead ua me me, yog li lawv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov khoom siv me me hauv lub xeev lasers.

Ntau yam ntawm tunable laser crystals nrog broadband fluorescence yam ntxwv tau tsim, xws li chrysoberyl nrog davhlau ya nyob twg phonon hloov (Cr:BeAl2O4, wavelength 0.701-0.815 microns, kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm chav tsev kub), nickel- doped magnesium fluoride (Ni: MgF2, wavelength 1.6 ~ 1.8 microns, ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias), cerium-doped lithium yttrium fluoride nrog 5d ​​→ 4f hloov pauv (Ce: YLF, wavelength 0.306 ~0.315 microns, zoo siab los ntawm excimer laser, ua haujlwm ntawm chav tsev kub) thiab xim chaw ntawm alkali halide Laser siv lead ua (tsis muaj lossis doped potassium chloride, lithium fluoride, thiab lwm yam., wavelength 0.8 ~ 3.9 microns, feem ntau ua haujlwm. ntawm qhov kub thiab txias).

Khoom laser excitation qhov chaw

Cov khoom lasers siv lub teeb ua qhov excitation qhov chaw. Feem ntau siv pulse excitation qhov chaw muaj xws li xenon-them teeb nyem; Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tas mus li muaj xws li krypton arc teeb, iodine tungsten teeb, potassium rubidium teeb, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv me me lub neej ntev lasers, semiconductor lub teeb-emitting diodes los yog hnub ci yuav siv tau raws li excitation qhov chaw. Qee qhov tshiab-state lasers kuj siv laser excitation.

Txij li thaum tsuas yog ib feem ntawm emission spectrum ntawm lub teeb qhov chaw yog absorbed los ntawm cov khoom ua hauj lwm, ntxiv rau lwm yam poob, lub zog conversion efficiency ntawm solid-state lasers tsis siab, feem ntau ntawm ob peb txhiab thiab ob peb feem pua.

Khoom nta laser

Cov khoom lasers tuaj yeem siv los ua lub zog siab thiab lub zog siab sib txuas lub teeb ci. Lub zog tso zis ntawm ruby ​​mem tes laser tuaj yeem ncav cuag qib kilojoule. Q-switched thiab multi-theem amplified neodymium iav laser system muaj lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm 10 watts. Lub zog tso zis ntawm yttrium aluminium garnet nruam laser tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau pua watts, thiab ntau theem kev sib txuas tuaj yeem ncav cuag kilowatts.

Solid-state lasers siv Q-hloov thev naus laus zis (pom pom lub teeb pom kev) kom tau txais cov pulses luv luv xws li ntawm nanoseconds mus rau pua pua nanoseconds, thiab siv hom-locking tshuab kom tau txais ultra-luv pulses xws li picoseconds mus rau pua pua picoseconds.

Vim optical inhomogeneity ntawm cov khoom ua hauj lwm thiab lwm yam yog vim li cas, cov zis ntawm general solid-state lasers yog ntau hom. Yog tias cov khoom siv ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv kho qhov muag zoo raug xaiv thiab cov kab noj hniav resonant tau ua tib zoo tsim thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas raug coj los siv, qhov tseem ceeb hloov pauv hom (TEM00) laser nrog lub beam divergence lub kaum sab xis ze rau qhov kev txwv tsis pub muaj peev xwm tau txais. , thiab ib hom longitudinal laser kuj tau.

Solid-state laser daim ntawv thov thiab tiam sis

Solid-state lasers muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv kev ua tub rog, kev ua haujlwm, kev kho mob thiab kev tshawb fawb kev lag luam. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam, taug qab, kev taw qhia, drilling, txiav thiab vuam, annealing ntawm semiconductor cov ntaub ntawv, micro-processing ntawm electronics, atmospheric nrhiav pom, spectroscopic kev tshawb fawb, phais thiab ophthalmic phais, plasma kuaj mob, mem tes holography thiab laser fusion, thiab lwm yam .. Solid-state lasers kuj tau siv los ua qhov chaw zoo siab rau tunable dye lasers.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom lag luam lasers yog kev sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom siv, suav nrog kev tshawb nrhiav cov wavelengths tshiab thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm tshiab nrog kev ua haujlwm wavelengths tunable, txhim kho kev hloov pauv ntawm laser, ua kom cov zis tawm, txhim kho cov nqaj zoo, compressing. lub mem tes dav, txhim kho kev ntseeg tau thiab Extended ua hauj lwm lub neej.

Cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj:

Yog tias koj muaj lus nug, thov hu rau peb. Txawm peb cov neeg muas zaub nyob qhov twg thiab peb cov kev xav tau yog dab tsi, peb yuav ua raws li peb lub hom phiaj los muab peb cov neeg siv khoom zoo, tus nqi qis, thiab kev pabcuam zoo tshaj plaws.