Koj Puas Paub Txog Semiconductor Lasers?(Part 2)

Semiconductor Lasers kev sib txheeb Part 2.

Laser yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuab laser machining niaj hnub. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm laser ua technology, laser yog tas li tsim, muaj ntau yam tshiab lasers.

Doped semiconductor lasers

Semiconductors tau siv dav hauv lub ntiaj teb digital niaj hnub no vim tias lawv tuaj yeem hloov kho lawv cov khoom hluav taws xob los ntawm kev ntxig impurities rau hauv lawv cov lattices siv lead ua, txheej txheem hu ua doping.

Cov impurities hauv semiconductors muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau kev tiv thaiv. Thaum ib txoj kab impurity ntxiv rau ib lub semiconductor, lub sij hawm muaj peev xwm teb nyob ze ntawm impurity atom raug cuam tshuam thiab ib qho ntxiv khi lub xeev raug tsim, uas ua rau ib qho ntxiv impurity theem nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv band. Piv txwv li, thaum impurity atoms xws li phosphorus, arsenic, thiab antimony tau ntxiv rau hauv ib lub quaternary germanium los yog silicon crystal, impurity atom, raws li ib tug molecule ntawm lub lattice, muaj plaub ntawm nws tsib valence electrons tsim ib tug covalent daim ntawv cog lus nrog rau ib puag ncig. germanium (los yog silicon) atom, thiab ib qho hluav taws xob ntxiv yog khi rau lub impurity atom, ua rau hydrogen zoo li lub zog. Lub impurity theem yog nyob rau saum toj no txwv tsis pub band thiab nyob ze ntawm conduction band hauv qab. Electrons nyob rau theem impurity yog yooj yim zoo siab rau cov conduction band li electron nqa. Lub impurity uas muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hu ua tus pub, thiab cov qib sib thooj yog hu ua qib pub dawb.

Lub impurity concentration thiab polarity ntawm intrinsic semiconductors muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev coj tus yam ntxwv ntawm semiconductors. Doped semiconductor hu ua extrinsic semiconductor.

Doped semiconductor: Lub impurity semiconductor tau txais los ntawm cov txheej txheem diffusion los ntawm kev sib xyaw me me ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo rau hauv cov khoom siv semiconductor.

P-hom semiconductor lasers: Ib qho ntshiab silicon siv lead ua yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov khoom sib txawv (xws li boron) nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm silicon atoms nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv lead ua lattice.

Cov neeg nqa khoom feem ntau: Hauv P-hom semiconductors, qhov concentration ntawm qhov yog ntau dua li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob dawb, hu ua feem ntau cov neeg nqa khoom, lossis cov neeg nqa khoom poly luv luv.

Cov neeg nqa khoom tsawg: Hauv P-hom semiconductors, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob dawb yog cov neeg nqa khoom tsawg, lossis cov neeg nqa khoom tsawg luv luv.

Txais atom: Ib qho chaw nyob hauv lub atom impurity absorbs electrons thiab hu ua a acceptor atom.

Cov yam ntxwv conductive ntawm P-hom semiconductor: nws ua hluav taws xob los ntawm qhov. Qhov ntau impurities ntxiv, qhov siab dua qhov concentration ntawm polygons (qhov) thiab qhov muaj zog ntawm kev ua tau zoo.

N-hom semiconductor lasers: Ib qho ntshiab silicon siv lead ua yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov khoom pentavalent (xws li phosphorus) nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm silicon atoms nyob rau hauv lub siv lead ua lattice.

Ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob: Hauv N-hom semiconductors, ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog cov hluav taws xob dawb.

Minority: Hauv N-hom semiconductors, cov neeg tsawg yog lub qhov.

Pub atom: impurity atoms uas tuaj yeem ua rau electrons hu ua pub atoms.

Lub conductivity ntawm N-hom semiconductors: Qhov ntau impurities raug ntxiv, siab dua cov concentration ntawm polygons (dawb electrons) thiab lub zog ntawm conductivity.

Semiconductor Lasers doping

Raws li qhov zoo lossis qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv doped, cov khoom siv doped tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov neeg pub dawb thiab cov neeg txais. valence electrons (valence electrons) los ntawm tus pub atoms yog valence electrons covalent rau doped khoom atoms thiab yog li khi. Ib qho hluav taws xob uas tsis yog sib koom ua ke rau ib qho atom ntawm cov khoom siv doped yog tsis muaj zog khi rau tus pub atom, tseem hu ua tus pub electron.

Piv nrog valence electrons nyob rau hauv intrinsic semiconductors, lub zog yuav tsum tau los ntawm tus pub electrons hloov mus rau lub conduction band yog qis dua, thiab nws yog yooj yim rau tsiv mus nyob rau hauv lub lattice ntawm semiconductor cov ntaub ntawv thiab tsim tam sim no. Txawm hais tias tus neeg pub khoom siv hluav taws xob tau txais lub zog thiab dhia mus rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, nws tsis tawm ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob ib yam li hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv atom tsuas yog tsau rau hauv cov iav siv lead ua ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor tom qab poob cov electron. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tau txais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dhau los muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob vim yog doping hu ua N-hom semiconductor, qhov twg n sawv cev rau cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo.

Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau tus pub, thaum lub txais atom nkag mus rau hauv lub semiconductor lattice, vim hais tias tus naj npawb ntawm valence electrons yog tsawg tshaj li ntawm lub semiconductor atom, nws yuav coj ib tug sib npaug zos qhov chaw, thiab qhov chaw seem no yuav suav tau tias yog ib tug hluav taws xob qhov. Lub doped semiconductor yog hu ua P-hom semiconductor, qhov p stands rau qhov zoo them qhov.

Cov nyhuv ntawm doping yog illustrated los ntawm ib tug intrinsic semiconductor ntawm silicon. Silicon muaj plaub valence electrons, thiab doping cov ntaub ntawv uas feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv silicon muaj xws li trivalent thiab quinquevalent ntsiab. Thaum trivalent ntsiab nrog tsuas yog peb valence electrons, xws li boron, doped rau hauv silicon semiconductors, boron plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm txais, thiab silicon semiconductors doped nrog boron yog P-hom semiconductors. Hloov pauv, yog tias cov ntsiab lus pentavalent xws li phosphorus (phosphorus) tau doped rau silicon semiconductor, phosphorus plays lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus pub, thiab doped phosphorus silicon semiconductor dhau los ua N-hom semiconductor.

Cov khoom siv semiconductor tuaj yeem doped nrog tus neeg pub dawb thiab tus txais, thiab yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab seb lub semiconductor yog N-hom lossis P-hom nyob ntawm doped semiconductor, tus txais yuav coj qhov siab dua ntawm qhov los yog tus neeg pub khoom nqa cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua, uas yog, dab tsi yog "feem ntau carrier" ntawm lub semiconductor. Qhov ntxeev ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom feem ntau yog cov neeg tsawg. Rau kev tsom xam ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm semiconductor Cheebtsam, tus cwj pwm ntawm ob peb nqa khoom nyob rau hauv semiconductors yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev.

Kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog nws los ntawm Part3

Cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj:

Yog tias koj muaj lus nug, thov hu rau peb. Txawm peb cov neeg muas zaub nyob qhov twg thiab peb cov kev xav tau yog dab tsi, peb yuav ua raws li peb lub hom phiaj los muab peb cov neeg siv khoom zoo, tus nqi qis, thiab kev pabcuam zoo tshaj plaws.