Koj Puas Paub Txog Semiconductor Lasers?(Part 3)

Semiconductor Laserskev sib txheeb Part 3.

Semiconductor laser feem ntau muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb yuag, siab modulation efficiency, me me, thiab lwm yam, thiab yog dav siv hauv pej xeem, tub rog, kev kho mob, thiab lwm yam. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm high-power semiconductor lasers pib nyob rau hauv 1980s thiab yeej tsis tau nres. Nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm semiconductor thev naus laus zis thiab laser thev naus laus zis, lub zog hluav taws xob semiconductor laser tau ua kom muaj kev vam meej hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, hloov hluav taws xob, thiab kev ntseeg siab.

Cov nyhuv ntawm doping ntawm cov qauv

Doping lub semiconductor lub zog band hloov. Nyob ntawm qhov doping, muaj ntau lub zog sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hauv nruab nrab semiconductors. Tus neeg pub atom yuav tsim lub zog tshiab nyob ze ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thaum tus neeg txais atom yuav tsim lub zog tshiab nyob ze ntawm valence band. Yog hais tias boron atoms doped rau hauv silicon, lawv ionize ntawm boron atoms doped rau hauv silicon tuaj yeem ua tiav ionized ntawm chav tsev kub vim tias lub zog theem ntawm boron thiab silicon valence band tsuas yog 0.045 electron volts, uas yog me dua. tshaj lub zog sib txawv ntawm silicon nws tus kheej ntawm 1.12 electron volts.

Lwm qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm dopants ntawm cov qauv band yog hloov txoj haujlwm ntawm Fermi zog theem. Lub zog Fermi tseem nyob twj ywm hauv thermal equilibrium, thiab cov cuab yeej no ua rau ntau lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig. Piv txwv li, cov qhab ntawm pn hlws ris tuaj yeem khoov vim Fermi qib ntawm P-hom semiconductor thiab N-hom semiconductor nyob ntawm ntau txoj haujlwm, tab sis Fermi theem yuav tsum nyob twj ywm ntawm qhov siab tib yam los tsim pn junction. Yog li ntawd, lub conduction band los yog valence band ntawm P-hom los yog N-hom semiconductor yuav tsum tau khoov kom phim qhov sib txawv band ntawm qhov sib tshuam.

Cov nyhuv saum toj no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm daim duab kos duab. Ntawm daim ntawv qhia band, kab rov tav axis sawv cev rau txoj haujlwm, thiab ntsug axis sawv cev rau lub zog. intrinsicFermi theem (intrinsicFermi theem) ntawm ib tug semiconductor feem ntau yog qhia nyob rau hauv Ei. Band maps yog cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo hauv kev txhais cov cwj pwm ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor.

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm semiconductors thiab integrated circuits

Semiconductors yog cov khoom uas nws cov khoom hluav taws xob yog nruab nrab ntawm cov conductors thiab insulators. Peb paub tias ib lub voj voog muaj kev ua haujlwm feem ntau yog vim muaj ntau yam kev hloov pauv ntawm tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws thiab qhov tam sim no yog tsim los ntawm qhov ntws (siv / tsiv teb tsaws) ntawm cov hluav taws xob ntawm cov hlau hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Yog li yooj yim npaum li cas electrons txav los ntawm cov khoom txiav txim siab nws cov conductivity. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hlau sib xws ntawm chav tsev kub electrons yog ib qho yooj yim kom tau txais lub zog txav, yog li lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo; Vim yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv nws tus kheej, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau cov electrons kom tau txais lub zog uas yuav tsum tau ua rau hluav taws xob. Ob peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem txav mus rau hauv lub rwb thaiv tsev, yog li nws yuav luag tsis muaj hluav taws xob. Semiconducting cov ntaub ntawv, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog qhov chaw nyob nruab nrab, thiab tuaj yeem hloov pauv los ntawm kev ntxiv cov impurities, kev tswj xyuas yooj yim npaum li cas nws ua hluav taws xob los yog tsis, thiab nws yooj yim npaum li cas nws ua hluav taws xob. Qhov no yog hu ua dopable khoom ntawm semiconductors.

Raws li tau hais dhau los, lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke yog lub transistor, qhov kev tsim ntawm transistor muaj peev xwm los tsim cov kev sib xyaw ua ke, thiab lub hauv paus ntawm transistor yog semiconductor, yog li cov semiconductor kuj yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke. Semiconductors yog rau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm thaj av rau cov nroog. Pom tseeb, cov roob thiab toj roob hauv pes tsis haum rau kev tsim cov nroog, thiab cov chaw uas muaj cov av xuab zeb thiab limestone tsis haum rau kev tsim cov nroog. Lub "tsev" ntawm lub nroog yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw zoo, thiab "kev sib koom ua ke" ntawm ib lub voj voog yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv yooj yim -- semiconductors. Cov khoom siv semiconductor feem ntau yog silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide (compounds), ntawm cov uas tau siv dav, kev lag luam zoo ntawm kev thawb "silicon".

Yog li vim li cas semiconductors, thiab silicon tshwj xeeb, zoo rau kev sib xyaw ua ke? Muaj ob peb yam. Silicon yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust, thib ob tsuas yog oxygen. Muaj ntau ntau ntawm silicates los yog silica nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb thiab gravel, uas yog tus nqi ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv. Lub dopable xwm ntawm silicon yog ib qho yooj yim los tswj, ua rau nws yooj yim los ua transistors uas haum cov kev xav tau, vim hais tias ntawm Circuit Court txoj cai. Lub silicon dioxide tsim los ntawm oxidation ntawm silicon yog ruaj khov thiab yuav siv tau raws li ib tug zoo heev insulating zaj duab xis xav tau nyob rau hauv semiconductor li, uas yog vim li cas rau lub ntaus ntawv qauv. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, silicon yooj yim rau kev siv oxidation, lithography, diffusion, thiab lwm yam txheej txheem, yooj yim rau kev sib koom ua ke, thiab nws cov kev ua tau zoo yog tswj tau yooj yim dua. Yog li ntawd, cov hauv qab no feem ntau yog qhia raws li kev paub txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm silicon, silicon transistor, thiab kev nkag siab ntawm cov txheej txheem Circuit Court, nws yuav yooj yim rau kev nkag siab txog qhov teeb meem no.

Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntev, semiconductor kuj muaj thermal rhiab heev, photosensitivity, tsis zoo resistivity kub, recyclability, thiab lwm yam ntxwv, yog li ntxiv rau tsim loj-scale integrated circuits, semiconductor cov ntaub ntawv kuj yuav siv tau rau lub hwj chim pab kiag li lawm, optoelectronic li, siab sensors, thermoelectric tub yees, thiab lwm yam; Siv cov tshuab micromachining ntawm microelectronics, nws tseem tuaj yeem ua rau hauv MEMS (micromechanical electronic system), uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv hluav taws xob thiab kev kho mob.

Kev tsim cov khoom siv semiconductor

Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev tsim khoom loj, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau kwv yees thiab ruaj khov, yog li ob qho tib si purity ntawm doping thiab qhov zoo ntawm semiconductor lattice qauv yuav tsum nruj me ntsis. Cov teeb meem zoo ib yam muaj xws li dislocation nyob rau hauv lub lattice, ntxaib, los yog stacking faults, cuam tshuam cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom semiconductor. Rau cov khoom siv semiconductor, qhov tsis xws ntawm cov khoom siv lattice feem ntau yog qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom.

Txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws siv los loj hlob siab-purity ib leeg-crystal semiconductor cov ntaub ntawv hu ua Czochralski txheej txheem. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, cov noob ntawm ib qho siv lead ua tau poob rau hauv cov kua yaj ntawm cov khoom qub thiab maj mam rub mus rau hauv ib qho kev sib hloov. Raws li cov noob tau rub tawm, cov kuab tshuaj solidifies raws qhov sib txuas ntawm cov khoom thiab cov kua, thiab kev sib hloov sib npaug ntawm qhov kub ntawm cov kua.

Kev siv semiconductor

1. Thawj lub tswv yim semiconductor yog Transistor / Diode. Siv ua lub teeb liab amplifier / rectifier hauv Xov tooj cua thiab TV semiconductors.

2. Tsim lub hnub ci zog, uas kuj yog siv nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci hlwb.

3. Semiconductors tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas qhov kub thiab txias, qhov ntsuas kub tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau lawm, lub neej, kev noj qab haus huv, kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, thiab kev qhia ntawv ntawm 70 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov teb, nrog rau qhov tseeb thiab ruaj khov, kev daws teeb meem mus txog {{ 4}}.1 degree , txawm mus txog rau 0.01 degree yog tsis yooj yim sua, linearity 0.2 feem pua, kub ntau yam -100~ ntxiv rau 300 degree, Nws yog ib tug nqi-zoo ntsuas kub ntsuas.

4. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm semiconductor tub yees, tseem hu ua thermoelectric tub yees lossis thermoelectric tub yees, siv cov nyhuv Partier.

Cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj:

Yog tias koj muaj lus nug, thov hu rau peb. Txawm peb cov neeg muas zaub nyob qhov twg thiab peb cov kev xav tau yog dab tsi, peb yuav ua raws li peb lub hom phiaj los muab peb cov neeg siv khoom zoo, tus nqi qis, thiab kev pabcuam zoo tshaj plaws.