Hom Lasers Puas Muaj? (Part 2)

Feem ntaulasers yog tsim los ntawm peb qhov chaw: ib qho excitation system, ib tug laser nruab nrab, thiab ib tug optical resonator. Lub tshuab excitation yog ib qho cuab yeej uas tsim lub teeb lub zog, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, lossis tshuaj lom neeg lub zog, xws li lub zog laser. Tam sim no, cov excitation txhais tau tias siv feem ntau muaj xws li illumination, hluav taws xob, los yog tshuaj tiv thaiv. Laser media yog cov khoom uas tuaj yeem tsim laser, xws li rubies, neodymium iav, neon gas, semiconductors, organic dyes, thiab lwm yam.⑧⑨

3. Muab faib los ntawm hom kev ua haujlwm(Ntxiv mus rau ntu 1)

⑤ hom-locked laser, qhov no yog ib hom tshwj xeeb ntawm laser siv hom-locked technology, nws cov yam ntxwv ua hauj lwm yog txiav txim los ntawm cov theem kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov longitudinal hom nyob rau hauv lub resonator, yog li ib tug series ntawm laser ultra-luv pulses ( mem tes dav 10 ~ 10 vib nas this) kev sib tw tuaj yeem tau txais nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm sib npaug sib npaug, yog tias qhov tshwj xeeb ceev kho qhov muag hloov tshuab txuas ntxiv siv, Ib qho ultrashort laser pulse kuj tuaj yeem xaiv los ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau saum toj no (saib laser hom-locking txheej txheem).

⑥ Ib hom thiab zaus stabilized laser, ib hom laser hais txog kev siv ib hom kev txwv kev siv tshuab nyob rau hauv ib hom transverse lossis ib hom longitudinal lub xeev ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub laser, zaus stabilized laser hais txog kev siv qee yam kev tswj tsis siv neeg. ua kom lub laser tso zis wavelength los yog zaus ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam precision ntau yam ntawm tshwj xeeb laser pab kiag li lawm, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, Nws kuj yuav ua tau rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb laser ntaus ntawv nrog ob hom kev lag luam thiab tsis siv neeg zaus stability tswj (saib laser zaus stabilization tshuab ).

⑦ Hauv Tunable lasers, nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj teeb meem, cov zis wavelength ntawm lub laser yog tsau, tab sis tom qab siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb tuning, cov zis laser wavelength ntawm qee cov lasers tuaj yeem ua tsis tu ncua thiab tswj tau hloov pauv nyob rau hauv qee qhov ntau, chav kawm ntawm lasers no hu ua tunable lasers (saib laser tuning technology).

4. Raws li qhov sib txawv wavelength ranges ntawm cov zis laser, ntau hom lasers tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom hauv qab no.

①Rau far-infrared lasers, cov zis wavelength ntau yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 25 thiab 1000 microns, thiab cov zis laser ntawm qee cov roj molecular lasers thiab dawb electron lasers poob rau hauv cheeb tsam no.

②Middle infrared laser hais txog lub tshuab laser uas nws cov zis laser wavelength nyob rau hauv nruab nrab infrared cheeb tsam (2.5 ~ 25 microns), sawv cev los ntawm CO molecular gas laser (10.6 microns) thiab CO molecular gas laser (5 ~ 6 microns).

③Near-infrared lasers xa mus rau cov khoom siv laser uas nws cov zis laser wavelength nyob ze-infrared cheeb tsam (0.75 ~ 2.5 microns), sawv cev los ntawm neodymium-doped solid-state lasers (1.06 microns), CaAs semiconductor diode lasers (txog 0.8 microns) thiab qee cov roj lasers.

④ Pom pom laser yog hais txog ib chav kawm ntawm cov khoom siv laser uas nws cov zis laser wavelength nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam pom spectral (400}0 ~ 7000 angstrom lossis 0.4 ~ 0.7 micron). Lawv tau sawv cev los ntawm ruby ​​lasers (6943 angstroms), He-ne lasers (6328 angstroms), argon ion lasers (4880 angstroms, 5145 angstroms), krypton ion lasers (4762 angstroms, 5208 angstroms, 5682 angstroms, thiab 5682 angstroms), tunable dye lasers.

⑤ Cov zis laser wavelength ntau yog nyob ze thaj tsam ultraviolet spectral (2000 ~ 4000 angstroms), sawv cev los ntawm nitrogen molecular laser (3371 angstroms) xenon fluoride (XeF) excimer laser (3511 angstroms, 3531 angstroms), KrymerptonF fluoride (2490 angstroms) thiab qee lub lasers tunable dye

⑥ Nqus ultraviolet laser, nws cov zis laser wavelength ntau nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev ultraviolet spectral cheeb tsam (50 ~ 2000 angstroms) yog sawv cev los ntawm (H) molecular laser (1644 ~ 1098 angstroms), xenon (Xe) excimer laser (1730 angstroms).

⑦ X-ray laser hais txog cov zis wavelength nyob rau hauv X-ray spectrum cheeb tsam (0.01 ~ 50 angstroms) laser system, mos X-ray tau ntse tsim, tab sis tseem nyob rau hauv lub tshawb nrhiav theem.

5. Laser txoj cai ua haujlwm:

Ntxiv nrog rau qhov dawb electron laser, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm ntawm txhua yam ntawm lasers yog tib yam, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub cim ntawm laser yog cov particle tooj inversion thiab nce ntau dua qhov poob, yog li cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej muaj qhov excitation. (los yog twj tso kua mis) qhov chaw, nrog metastable zog theem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nruab nrab ob feem. Excitation yog qhov excitation ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nruab nrab mus rau lub xeev zoo siab tom qab absorbing txawv teb chaws zog, tsim tej yam kev mob rau realizing thiab tswj lub reversal ntawm particle tooj. Muaj kev txhawb zog kho qhov muag, kev txhawb zog hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg kev txhawb siab thiab kev txhawb nqa nuclear, thiab lwm yam. Qhov nruab nrab ua haujlwm muaj qib metastable zog kom cov hluav taws xob txhawb zog dominates, yog li ua tiav lub teeb amplification. Ib qho kev tivthaiv ntawm lub laser yog ib tug resonator, tab sis lub resonator (saib optical resonator) tsis yog ib qho tseem ceeb tivthaiv, thiab lub resonator yuav ua rau cov photons nyob rau hauv kab noj hniav muaj ib tug zoo zaus zaus, theem, thiab kev taw qhia ntawm lub lag luam, kom lub laser. muaj kev ncaj ncees thiab kev sib raug zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem txo qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm zoo, thiab tuaj yeem kho hom ntawm lub laser tsim los ntawm kev hloov qhov ntev ntawm lub resonator (uas yog, xaiv hom), yog li cov laser dav dav muaj lub resonator.

6. Laser peb Cheebtsam

① Cov khoom siv ua haujlwm Qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub laser, tsuas yog cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem ua tiav lub zog hloov pauv tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom ua haujlwm ntawm lub laser. Tam sim no, muaj ntau hom laser ua haujlwm, thiab laser wavelength tau los ntawm X-ray mus rau lub teeb infrared. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug ammonia laser, ob theem zog ntawm cov cua atom yog thim rov qab nrog kev pab los ntawm ammonia atoms.

② Excitation zog lub teeb) Nws lub luag haujlwm yog muab lub zog rau cov khoom ua haujlwm, uas yog, lub zog sab nraud ntawm lub atom zoo siab los ntawm qib qis mus rau qib siab. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev paub txog cov pej xeem inversion los ntawm irradiating cov khoom ua haujlwm nrog lub teeb muaj zog yog hu ua optical pump method. Piv txwv li, ruby ​​lasers siv lub teeb nyem lub zog siab kom irradiate rubies (cov khoom ua haujlwm) kom ua tiav cov neeg rov qab, ua rau cov xwm txheej rau laser tiam. Feem ntau, muaj peev xwm muaj lub teeb lub zog, thermal zog, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg lub zog, thiab lwm yam.

③ Optical resonator Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub laser, nws lub luag hauj lwm yog ua kom lub zog tawg ntawm cov khoom ua hauj lwm tas mus li, qhov thib ob yog kom tsis tu ncua le photon; Qhov thib peb yog txwv qhov kev taw qhia ntawm laser tso zis.

Cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj:

Yog tias koj muaj lus nug, thov hu rau peb. Txawm peb cov neeg muas zaub nyob qhov twg thiab peb cov kev xav tau yog dab tsi, peb yuav ua raws li peb lub hom phiaj los muab peb cov neeg siv khoom zoo, tus nqi qis, thiab kev pabcuam zoo tshaj plaws.