Dab tsi yog Txoj Cai thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Lasers?

Yuav ua li casLasersUa haujlwm

Tsuas yog dawb electron lasers, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua hauj lwm ntawm txhua yam ntawm lasers yog tib yam. Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb rau kev tsim laser yog particle tus lej inversion thiab nce ntau dua qhov poob, yog li cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov cuab yeej suav nrog excitation (los yog nqus) qhov chaw thiab ua haujlwm nruab nrab nrog qib metastable zog. Excitation yog excitation ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nruab nrab mus rau ib tug zoo siab lub xeev tom qab absorbing sab nraud zog, tsim tej yam kev mob rau lub realization thiab txij nkawm ntawm particle pejxeem inversion. Cov txheej txheem excitation muaj xws li optical excitation, hluav taws xob excitation, tshuaj excitation thiab nuclear zog excitation.

Lub zog metastable qib ntawm kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab ua rau lub zog hluav taws xob ua kom muaj zog, yog li paub txog lub teeb amplification. Cov feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub laser yog lub resonator, tab sis lub resonator (saib optical resonator) tsis yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Lub resonator tuaj yeem ua rau cov photons hauv kab noj hniav muaj qhov sib npaug, theem thiab khiav kev taw qhia, kom lub laser muaj kev taw qhia zoo thiab sib koom ua ke. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem txo qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm zoo heev, thiab tuaj yeem kho hom ntawm lub teeb pom kev laser los ntawm kev hloov qhov ntev ntawm lub resonant kab noj hniav (uas yog, xaiv hom), yog li feem ntau lasers muaj cov kab noj hniav resonant.

Lub lasers feem ntau muaj peb ntu:

1. Cov Khoom Siv Ua Haujlwm:cov tub ntxhais ntawm lub laser, tsuas yog cov khoom uas muaj peev xwm ua tiav lub zog hloov pauv tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom ua haujlwm ntawm lub laser.

2. Txhawb Zog:Nws txoj haujlwm yog muab lub zog rau cov khoom ua haujlwm, thiab ua kom cov atoms los ntawm qib qis zog mus rau qib siab zog sab nraud. Feem ntau tuaj yeem muaj lub teeb lub zog, thermal zog, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg lub zog thiab lwm yam.

3. Optical Resonant Cavity:Thawj qhov ua haujlwm yog ua kom cov hluav taws xob txhawb zog ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv mus; Qhov thib ob yog kom tsis tu ncua ceev cov photons; qhov thib peb yog txwv qhov kev taw qhia ntawm laser tso zis. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws kho qhov muag resonator muaj ob daim iav sib luag tso rau ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm HeNe laser. Thaum qee qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm neon atoms ntawm ob lub zog uas tau ua tiav qhov sib txawv ntawm tus lej, thiab tawg photons mus rau qhov kev taw qhia ntawm lub laser, cov photons yuav rov qab los ntawm ob daim iav, yog li tsis tu ncua ua rau lub zog hluav taws xob, nrawm heev. tsim muaj hwj chim loj laser.

Lub teeb ntshiab thiab spectrally ruaj khov tawm los ntawm Lasers tuaj yeem siv ntau txoj hauv kev

Ruby Laser:Thawj lub laser yog lub ruby ​​uas tau zoo siab los ntawm lub teeb ci ntsa iab, thiab lub laser tsim yog "mulsed laser" es tsis yog lub teeb ci tsis tu ncua. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb tsim los ntawm lub laser no yog qhov txawv ntawm lub laser uas ua los ntawm laser diodes peb siv niaj hnub no. Qhov teeb pom kev hnyav no, uas kav ntev li ob peb nanoseconds, yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev ntes cov khoom txav tau yooj yim, xws li holographic portraits ntawm tib neeg. Thawj lub laser portrait tau yug los hauv xyoo 1967. Ruby lasers xav tau rubies kim thiab tsim cov pulses luv luv ntawm lub teeb.

Tsis Siv Neeg Laser:Xyoo 1960 cov kws tshawb fawb Ali Javan, William R.Brennet Jr. thiab Donald Herriot tsim lub He-Ne laser. Nws yog thawj roj laser, ib hom khoom siv feem ntau siv los ntawm cov kws yees duab holographic. Ob qhov zoo: 1. Nruam laser tso zis yog generated; 2. Tsis xav tau lub teeb nyem rau lub teeb pom kev zoo, thiab cov pa hluav taws xob zoo siab heev.

Laser Diode:Laser diode yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv lasers tam sim no. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm spontaneous recombination ntawm electrons thiab qhov ntawm ob sab ntawm PN hlws ris ntawm lub diode kom emit lub teeb yog hu ua spontaneous emission. Thaum cov photons generated los ntawm spontaneous emission dhau los ntawm lub semiconductor, thaum lawv dhau los ze ntawm lub emitted electron-qhov khub, lawv muaj peev xwm yuav txhawb kom recombine los tsim tshiab photons, uas induce lub recombination ntawm zoo siab carriers kom emit tshiab photons phenomenon hu ua stimulated. tso pa tawm.

Yog hais tias qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tam sim no loj txaus, cov neeg nqa khoom faib tawm ntawm lub xeev thermal equilibrium yuav raug tsim, uas yog, cov pej xeem ntawm cov khoom yog thim rov qab. Thaum ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov cab kuj nyob rau hauv lub active txheej yog thim rov qab, ib tug me me ntawm photons generated los ntawm spontaneous hluav taws xob yuav tsim induced hluav taws xob vim lub reciprocal xav txog ntawm ob kawg ntawm lub resonator, uas ua rau muaj kev tawm tswv yim zoo ntawm zaus-xaiv resonance, los yog ib qho nce rau qee zaus. Thaum qhov nce siab dua qhov kev nqus tsis zoo, lub teeb sib txuas nrog cov kab zoo spectral tuaj yeem tawm ntawm PN hlws ris-laser. Lub invention ntawm laser diodes tau ua laser daim ntawv thov nrov sai sai, thiab ntau yam kev siv xws li cov ntaub ntawv scanning, kho qhov muag fiber kev sib txuas lus, laser xws li, laser radar, laser discs, laser pointers, supermarket them nyiaj sau, thiab lwm yam, yog tas li tsim thiab nrov.

Tiv tauj xov tooj:

Yog tias koj muaj lus nug, thov hu rau peb. Txawm peb cov neeg muas zaub nyob qhov twg thiab peb cov kev xav tau yog dab tsi, peb yuav ua raws li peb lub hom phiaj los muab peb cov neeg siv khoom zoo, tus nqi qis, thiab kev pabcuam zoo tshaj plaws.