Lasers, luv luv rau lub teeb Amplification los ntawm Stimulated Emission of Radiation, tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb rau ntau yam ntawm cov cuab yeej niaj hnub thiab tshuaj. Lawv tawm lub teeb uas muaj kev taw qhia siab, sib koom ua ke, thiab monochromatic, uas ua rau lawv muaj txiaj ntsig hauv ntau daim ntawv thov tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai. Lub wavelength ntau ntawm 190-540 nanometers (nm) yog ib feem ntawm ultraviolet (UV) thiab pom lub teeb spectrum. Nkag siab txog tej yam txaus ntshai thiabkev tiv thaivtxuam nrog lasers nyob rau hauv no ntau yam yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev nyab xeeb kev khiav hauj lwm thiab daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb.
Laser Range: 190-540nm
190-280nm (Ultraviolet C - UVC)
Yam ntxwv:UVC lasers emit wavelengths ntawm 190 thiab 280 nm. Cov kab no paub txog nws cov khoom muaj zog germicidal.
Daim ntawv thov:Lawv feem ntau siv rau kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab tshuaj tua kab mob, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua kom tsis muaj kab mob, kab mob, thiab lwm yam kab mob los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lawv cov DNA.
280-315nm (Ultraviolet B - UVB)
Yam ntxwv:UVB lasers ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 280 txog 315 nm.
Daim ntawv thov:Cov no yog siv rau hauv kev kho mob dermatological, xws li kev kho mob rau daim tawv nqaij xws li psoriasis thiab vitiligo.
315-400nm (Ultraviolet A - UVA)
Yam ntxwv:UVA lasers, emitting ntawm 315 mus rau 400 nm, nkag mus tob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij piv rau UVB thiab UVC.
Daim ntawv thov:Lawv yog siv rau hauv kev kho mob thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce, xws li nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm tej yam mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab nyob rau hauv tanning teeb.
400-540nm (Visible Light - Violet to Green)
Yam ntxwv:Qhov no muaj xws li pom lub teeb los ntawm violet (nyob ib ncig ntawm 400 nm) txog ntsuab (ze li 540 nm).
Daim ntawv thov:Pom pom lasers nyob rau hauv no ntau yam yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb, los ntawm kev lom zem (laser qhia) mus rau kev kho mob (ophthalmology) thiab muaj kev siv (laser pointers, alignment tools).
Kev siv ntawm 190-540nm Lasers
Kev kho mob thiab kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob
Kev phais:Lasers nyob rau hauv ntau yam no tuaj yeem siv rau cov txheej txheem phais, txo cov ntshav thiab txhim kho lub sijhawm rov qab los.
Dermatology:Kev kho mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij (xws li, psoriasis, pob txuv, pigmentation teeb meem) feem ntau siv UVA thiab UVB lasers.
Ophthalmology:Cov lasers pom tau siv hauv kev phais qhov muag, xws li LASIK, los kho cov teeb meem tsis pom kev.
Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb
Instrumental:UV lasers yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv spectroscopy, qhov uas lawv pab txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv raws li lawv qhov nqus spectrum.
Kev tsim khoom:UV thiab pom lasers yog siv rau kev txiav, engraving, thiab precision ntsuas.
Kev tshawb fawb:Lasers nyob rau hauv ntau yam no yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev sim kev tshawb fawb los kawm txog molecular thiab atomic kev sib cuam tshuam.
Cov neeg siv khoom thiab kev lom zem daim ntawv thov
Laser Qhia:Lasers los ntawm violet mus rau ntsuab yog siv rau kev pom kev hauv kev lom zem ua yeeb yam.
Pointers thiab Alignment Tools:Laser pointers thiab qib feem ntau siv ntsuab thiab violet lasers rau lawv cov visibility siab.
Sanitization Devices:UVC lasers tau nce ua haujlwm hauv cov neeg siv khoom tsim los tshuaj tua kab mob.
Laser Hazards
Qhov muag phom sij
Lasers hauv 190-540nm ntau yam ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau tib neeg lub qhov muag. Qhov hnyav nyob ntawm lub wavelength, lub zog, thiab lub sijhawm raug.
Retinal puas:Pom pom lasers, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ntsuab spectrum, yuav ua rau retinal burns thiab tsis pom kev mus tas li yog saib ncaj qha.
Corneal Injuries:UV lasers tuaj yeem ua rau photokeratitis, mob qhov muag zoo ib yam li tshav kub, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau lub pob txha puas.
Daim tawv nqaij raug mob
Hlawv:Cov lasers muaj zog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog UV, tuaj yeem ua rau tawv nqaij kub hnyiab.
Mob Cancer Risk:Kev raug UV hluav taws xob ntev ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij, txawm hais tias qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug laser feem ntau qis dua los ntawm lub hnub raug lub hnub ntev.
Kev phom sij ua pa
Ozone Generation:UVC lasers tuaj yeem tsim ozone, uas tuaj yeem tsim teeb meem thaum nqus tau, ua rau muaj teeb meem ua pa.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Laser
Engineering Controls
Kev ruaj ntseg Interlocks:Cov cuab yeej uas tau kaw lub laser yog ativ thaiv npograug tshem tawm lossis ib qho kev cuam tshuam.
Beam Enclosures:Npog lub laser beam kom tiv thaiv kev raug xwm txheej.
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Kev tswj xyuas
Kev cob qhia:Ua kom ntseeg tau tias txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm lasers tau raug cob qhia kom zoo hauv cov kev coj ua nyab xeeb thiab cov kev phom sij tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lasers uas lawv siv.
Kos npe:Clear labeling ntawm laser-siv chaw thiab khoom siv.
Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Tus Kheej (PPE)
Laser Safety Glasses:Eyewear tsim los tiv thaiv cov laser wavelengths tshwj xeeb.
Cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv:Cov khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv UV laser raug thiab tiv thaiv cov tawv nqaij kub hnyiab.
Environmental Controls
Qhov cua:Lub tshuab ua pa kom zoo kom txo tau cov ozone thiab lwm yam khoom puas tsuaj.
Barriers thiab Curtains:Kev siv cov ntaub thaiv kab hlau rhuav lossis thaiv cov kab thaiv kom muaj cov kab teeb ci laser hauv ib puag ncig tswj.
Xaus
Lasers nyob rau hauv 190-540 nm ntau yam, suav nrog ultraviolet thiab pom lub teeb, yog cov cuab yeej muaj zog nrog ntau hom kev siv thoob plaws kev kho mob, kev lag luam, kev tshawb fawb, thiab cov neeg siv khoom. Thaum lawv cov khoom siv siv dav dav, qhov muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai lawv yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas thiab ntsuas kev nyab xeeb. Nkag siab txog cov kev pheej hmoo tshwj xeeb cuam tshuam nrog txhua lub wavelength thiab ua raws li qhov tsim nyogcov tswv yim tiv thaivtuaj yeem txo cov kev phom sij cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.