Dab tsi yog Qhov Tseem Ceeb Ntawm Optical Fiber?

1. Optical fiber ntautswvyim:

Optical fiber, los yog optical fiber, yog ib hom fiber ntau ua los ntawm iav los yog yas uas siv lub teeb los ntawm cov fibers ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho cov sab hauv xav txog.

Cov me me fiber ntau yog encapsulated hauv ib lub hnab yas uas tso cai rau nws khoov yam tsis muaj kev tawg. Feem ntau, cov khoom xa tawm ntawm ib kawg ntawm cov fiber ntau xa cov mem tes ntawm lub teeb rau hauv fiber ntau siv lub teeb-emitting diode lossis laser beam, thiab cov khoom txais ntawm lwm qhov kawg ntawm cov fiber ntau pom cov mem tes siv cov khoom siv photosensitive. Cables uas muaj fiber ntau optical hu ua optical cables.

Vim tias qhov kev sib kis tsis tau cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov khoom siv fiber ntau yog qis dua qhov poob ntawm cov hluav taws xob hauv cov xaim xaim, tab sis kuj vim tias cov khoom siv tseem ceeb yog silicon, uas muaj ntau cov reserves thiab yooj yim rau kev siv, tus nqi yog. pheej yig heev, ua kom cov fiber ntau optical siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm mus ntev.

Kev siv fiber ntau optical yog kev sib txuas lus. Tam sim no, cov khoom siv kho qhov muag rau kev sib txuas lus yog lub hauv paus quartz fiber ntau, thiab nws cov khoom tseem ceeb yog purity quartz iav, uas yog, silicon dioxide (SiO2).

Kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag fiber ntau yog siv cov khoom siv kho qhov muag los xa cov teeb tsis muaj teeb meem nqa cov ntaub ntawv kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib txuas lus.

2. Cov qauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm optical fibers

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm optical fiber yog tag nrho kev xav ntawm lub teeb.

① Dispersion ntawm fiber ntau:

Yog vim li cas: Hauv qhov kho qhov muag fiber ntau, lub teeb liab kho qhov muag yog tsim los ntawm ntau yam sib txawv, vim yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv ntau zaus los yog cov khoom siv ntawm cov teeb liab propagation ceev sib txawv, tom qab ib qho kev ncua deb ntawm optical fiber kis tau tus mob, muaj qhov ncua sij hawm sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv Cheebtsam, ua rau kis tau tus mob teeb liab waveform distortion, mem tes broading, qhov tshwm sim no hu ua fiber dispersion.

Kev cuam tshuam: Lub xub ntiag ntawm fiber ntau dispersion distorts thiab nthuav dav cov teeb liab mem tes, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias kev sib txuas lus zoo, lub sijhawm intercode yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv, uas yog, kev sib kis tus nqi ntawm cov teeb liab yuav tsum raug txo, uas txwv tsis pub muaj peev xwm sib txuas lus thiab kev sib kis ntawm qhov muag fiber ntau.

Kev faib tawm: Raws li qhov ua rau dispersion, fiber ntau dispersion yuav muab faib ua hom dispersion, khoom dispersion, waveguide dispersion, thiab polarization dispersion.

② Optical fiber poob:

Kev poob ntawm fiber ntau yog hais txog kev txo qis ntawm lub zog kho qhov muag tshwm sim los ntawm kev nqus thiab tawg tom qab kho qhov muag teeb liab kis tau los ntawm optical fiber.

Intrinsic absorption: Qhov nqus ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau nws tus kheej.

Impurity absorption: Qhov nqus ntawm lub teeb los ntawm impurities nyob rau hauv ib qho optical fiber.

Scattering poob. linear tawg; Nonlinear tawg; Structurally imperfect scattering.

Lwm yam kev poob: me ntsis dabtsi yog khoov poob, thiab lwm yam. Cov fiber ntau kho qhov muag yog mos thiab tuaj yeem khoov, tab sis tom qab khoov rau qee yam, cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tuaj yeem coj lub teeb, tab sis txoj kev sib kis ntawm lub teeb yuav hloov. Los ntawm hom kev sib kis mus rau hom hluav taws xob, ib feem ntawm lub teeb lub zog nkag mus rau hauv cov cladding los yog dhau los ntawm cov cladding los ua cov hluav taws xob hom kom xau tawm thiab poob, ua rau poob. Thaum lub vojvoog dabtsi yog khoov ntau dua 5 ~ 10cm, qhov poob los ntawm kev khoov tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej.

3. Qhov zoo ntawm kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau optical:

① Muaj peev xwm sib txuas lus loj. Hauv txoj kev xav, fiber ntau optical tuaj yeem xa 10 billion lo lus tib lub sijhawm, thiab qhov kev sim tam sim no ntawm kev xa 500,000 lo lus tib lub sijhawm tau ua tiav, uas yog ntau txhiab lossis ntau pua txhiab zaus siab dua. tsoos coaxial cables, microwaves, thiab lwm yam.

② Ntev lub cev deb. Optical fiber muaj qhov poob qis heev, nrog rau qhov tsim nyog kev sib kis tau zoo, cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, kho qhov muag amplifier, kev kho qhov yuam kev, thiab RZ code modulation technology, thiab lwm yam, tuaj yeem ua rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ntau tshaj txhiab kilometers, thaum cov tsoos. cable tsuas yog kis tau 1.5km, microwave 50km, tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem piv nrog nws.

③ Zoo tsis pub lwm tus paub, thiab muaj zog yoog raws. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev tsis ntshai ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm sab nraud muaj zog electromagnetic teb thiab corrosion kuj. Vim hais tias cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm optical fiber yog quartz, tsuas yog xa lub teeb, tsis muaj hluav taws xob, thiab tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm electromagnetic teb, lub teeb liab optical kis tau nyob rau hauv nws tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm electromagnetic teb, yog li cov fiber ntau kis tau tus mob muaj zog. tiv thaiv electromagnetic cuam tshuam thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam. Vim li no, lub teeb liab kis tau rau hauv fiber ntau optical tsis yooj yim rau eavesdropped, thiab yog li conducive rau secrecy.

④ Me me, lub teeb yuag.

⑤ Kev nplua nuj ntawm cov khoom siv raw, tus nqi qis.

4. Hom kho qhov muag fibers.

Kev faib tawm los ntawm hom kis tau tus mob:

Multimode fiber ntau: tuaj yeem xa ntau hom teeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv yog qhov loj, uas txwv qhov zaus ntawm kev xa cov cim digital, thiab nws yuav hnyav dua nrog qhov nce nyob deb.

Ib hom fiber ntau: tsuas yog kis tau ib hom ntawm lub teeb, yog li nws cov inter-hom dispersion yog heev me me, haum rau tej thaj chaw deb kev sib txuas lus.

Ib hom fiber ntau thiab ntau hom fiber ntau sib piv:

Cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj:

Yog tias koj muaj lus nug, thov hu rau peb. Txawm peb cov neeg muas zaub nyob qhov twg thiab peb cov kev xav tau yog dab tsi, peb yuav ua raws li peb lub hom phiaj los muab peb cov neeg siv khoom zoo, tus nqi qis, thiab kev pabcuam zoo tshaj plaws.