LiDAR Laser Sensor Classification Thiab Scanning Methods

LiDARLaser Sensor nquag emits laser lub teeb thiab tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv xws li kev ncua deb, kev taw qhia, ceev thiab contour ntawm lub hom phiaj intruding nrog siab precision thiab siab daws teeb meem. Nws tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam xws li kev ruaj ntseg hauv nroog thiab kev lag luam kev ruaj ntseg. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no luv luv qhia txog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws kev ruaj ntseg lidar manufacturers thiab lawv cov khoom specifications. Kev sib xyaw cov kev xav tau ntawm cov ntawv thov kev ruaj ntseg sib txawv, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov yam ntxwv thiab qhov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm lidar nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem sib txawv tau sib tham los ntawm peb yam: xws li cov tswv yim, cov txheej txheem scanning thiab xaiv lub teeb ci. Thaum kawg, daim ntawv thov tiam sis thiab kev loj hlob zeem muag ntawm kev ruaj ntseg lidar tau sau tseg thiab kev cia siab. Yuav kom ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv kev ruaj ntseg daim ntaub ntawv, kev ruaj ntseg lidar yuav ntxiv txhim kho nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia ntawm tus nqi qis, kev ua haujlwm siab, serialization, miniaturization, solid state, chipization thiab multi-source integration.

Nyob ntawm seb puas muaj cov khoom txav hauv lub cev, lidar tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov lidar mechanical thiab solid-state lidar. Ntawm lawv, cov kev siv ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lub xeev lidar suav nrog micro-electromechanical system (Micro-ElectroMechanical System, MEMS), Flash thev naus laus zis thiab OPA thev naus laus zis.

Raws li lub teeb tswj cov yam ntxwv hauv hom scanning, lidar tuaj yeem muab faib ua scanning lidar thiab tsis-scanning lidar. Ntawm lawv, tsis-scanning lidar ua tiav lub hom phiaj duab los ntawm kev npog qhov chaw nrog lub teeb, xws li Flash cheeb tsam array lidar. Txoj kev soj ntsuam tsim nyog tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg lidar kom tau txais qhov loj dua ntawm kev pom thiab kev daws teeb meem, thaum ua kom tag nrho cov qauv ruaj khov. Yog li ntawd, kev xaiv ntawm kev siv tshuab thev naus laus zis cuam tshuam rau lub neej voj voog ntawm lidar, uas nyob rau hauv lem txiav txim siab seb puas muaj kev ruaj ntseg lidar nyob rau hauv cov kab ke no yuav ua tau loj-tsim. Ntawm lawv, ntev nrhiav tau ntau yam thiab qhov loj ntawm kev pom yog cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev ruaj ntseg lidar, thiab lawv kuj txiav txim siab txog daim ntawv thov kev cia siab ntawm kev ruaj ntseg lidar yav tom ntej.

1. Mechanical LiDAR Laser Sensor
Mechanical lidar yog hais txog kev siv tshuab kev sib hloov kom ua tiav laser scanning. Lub cev muaj zog tsav lub qhov taw qhia ib zaug lossis ntau lub ntsiab lus sib txawv los tig kom ua tiav 360 degree tag nrho lossis lwm qhov loj-lub kaum sab xis scanning. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab lidar yog pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 1. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, kev tsav tsheb yooj yim thiab loj scanning ntawm qhov pom. Nws yog thawj zaug uas tau siv dav thiab dhau los ua cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas rau cov khoom lag luam ruaj ntseg lidar ntawm lub khw. Muab rau hauv tus account yam xws li lo ntsiab muag, mechanical structures, thiab circuit boards, ntau cov ntsiab lus xws li modules feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua ntawm qhov loj thiab qhov hnyav. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub cev muaj zog tsav lub module kom tig tau ntev, cov bearings tau yooj yim hnav. Qhov no ua rau cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ib txwm raug thuam nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub neej thiab kev ntseeg siab, thiab tus nqi tshwm sim los ntawm kev hnav nce. Nws kuj yog ib qho teeb meem tiag tiag. Yog li ntawd, kev lag luam kev ruaj ntseg thaum ntxov feem ntau tau txais kev txo qhov loj me thiab cov kev daws teeb meem qis, uas yog, siv cov kab teeb ci qis laser radar ua ke nrog lwm cov sensors. Nws muaj lub ntsej muag compact thiab loj scanning ntawm saib, thiab yog haum rau scenarios xws li lub tsev tiv thaiv thiab lub regional perimeter tiv thaiv.

Fig. 1 Ua hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ib txwm mechanical LiDAR

Tam sim no, qhov kev sib tw loj tshaj plaws ntsib LiDAR tsim yog ua tiav kev ua tau zoo thiab muaj zog thaum ua tiav cov khoom loj ntawm tus nqi tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tshuab lidar tsis tuaj yeem nthuav dav hauv kev ruaj ntseg vim nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau txo nws qhov loj thiab tus nqi. Txog rau qhov kawg no, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lidar tau muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb kev sib koom ua ke Circuit Court (ASIC) chips kom txo qhov loj ntawm lidar teeb liab ua Circuit Court thiab txo hwj chim noj thiab nqi. Qhov no yog kom paub qhov loj ntau lawm ntawm multi-line lidar. ib qho tseem ceeb sib txawv.

2.MEMS LiDAR Laser Sensor
MEMS laser radar hloov cov khoom siv kho tshuab ib txwm siv nrog MEMS micromirror sib xyaw ua ke ntawm silicon-based nti. Lub micromirror qhia txog lub laser los tsim lub dav scanning lub kaum ntse ntse thiab ntau dua scanning. Nws txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm tau pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 2. MEMS micro-daim iav yog innovators ntawm tsoos mechanical lidar thiab yuav ua rau lub miniaturization thiab txo nqi ntawm lidar. Lub galvanometer scanning txoj kev zam qhov kev sib hloov ncaj qha ntawm cov qauv sib txawv, ua kom muaj zog-state scanning ntawm lidar, thiab ua rau lidar compact.

Fig. 2 Schematic of MEMS.(a) Ua hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm MEMS LiDAR;

Kev vam khom rau qhov zoo ntawm MEMS micro-iav, kev lag luam suav nrog MEMS lidar raws li cov thev naus laus zis ceev tshaj plaws los siv. Tam sim no, Leishen Intelligent LS20 / LS21 series MEMS solid-state lidar tau siv rau hauv thaj chaw xws li kev ruaj ntseg ntse thiab kev saib xyuas kev puas tsuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis txaus ntawm MEMS micro-daim iav yog tias nws lub kaum sab xis scan me me, thiab yuav tsum muaj lub kaum sab xis ntxiv kom ua tiav qhov loj ntawm kev saib xyuas. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm lub teeb laser nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau txwv, ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev ua tiav "ntaus deb deb". Feem ntau, MEMS lidar thev naus laus zis kev daws teeb meem tsis paub tab txaus thiab xav tau kev txhim kho ntxiv. Nws ntseeg tau tias nrog kev txhim kho ntawm MEMS micro-iav, daim ntawv thov kev cia siab ntawm MEMS lidar yuav dav dua.

3.Flash LiDAR Laser Sensor
Flash lidar yog qhov tsis-scanning radar. Nws emits cheeb tsam array teeb mus rau lub hom phiaj, siv cheeb tsam array detector los xyuas qhov tawg ntawm qhov teeb meem teeb meem los ntawm lub hom phiaj, thiab outputs ib tug duab nrog rau qhov tob cov ntaub ntawv. Nws txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm tau pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 3. Txawm hais tias Flash lidar yog tus nqi qis thiab muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo, nws qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tau luv luv, yog li nws cov ntawv thov raug txwv. Hauv kev ruaj ntseg, Flash laser radar tau dav siv. Siv 3D Flash lidar rau lub hom phiaj nrhiav kom pom, segmentation thiab taug qab, cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias Flash lidar yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev soj ntsuam ib puag ncig thiab thaj chaw ruaj ntseg ntawm qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv thaj chaw xws li kev saib xyuas ib puag ncig, kev soj ntsuam cov khoom, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev phom sij, kev tshawb pom lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm cov khoom lossis tib neeg yuav raug txwv los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv, ua rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib haum. Siv lub kaw lus sensor tsim nrog 3D Flash lidar, cov khoom txav tau yooj yim tuaj yeem taug qab hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag thiab muaj qhov tseeb siab tshaj qhov nruab nrab mus rau qhov ntev. Cov txheej txheem kev sim thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 4. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom me me, tus nqi ntawm cheeb tsam array detectors raug txo, thiab Flash lidar yog qhov yooj yim rau miniaturize, thiab nws cov ntawv thov hauv kev ruaj ntseg yuav ntau dua.

Fig. 3 Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm ntawm Flash LiDAR

Fig. 4 Kev ua hauj lwm scenario thiab sim tau ntawm Flash LiDAR. (a) Kev sim teeb tsa nrog lub sijhawm taug qab ntawm PC thiab Flash LiDAR ntawm lub lauj kaub- qaij lub taub hau; (b) taw tes huab ntawm qhov xwm txheej; (c) siv qhov pom ntawm qhov xwm txheej nrog tus neeg cim qhov chaw; (d) Ntau qhov pom ntawm qhov xwm txheej nrog tus neeg cim chaw

4.OPA LiDAR Laser Sensor
Raws li hom tshiab ntawm beam taw tes tswj thev naus laus zis, OPA scanning thev naus laus zis tau dhau los ua kev tshawb fawb hotspot nyob rau xyoo tas los no. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm tsis muaj cov khoom siv inertia, ruaj khov raug thiab tswj tau cov kev taw qhia. Nws txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm tau pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 5. Ob peb kis tau los ua ib qho kev sib kis. Lub kaum sab xis tawm ntawm lub laser beam yog hloov los ntawm kev kho cov theem sib txawv ntawm txhua lub transmitting unit nyob rau hauv lub transmitting array, yog li ua tiav kev sib nrig sib txhawb kev cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv lub teeb kev taw qhia, yog li npaj siab siv taw tes beam. S3, "lub ntiaj teb thawj lub xeev lidar sensor." S3 siv OPA scanning txoj kev thiab tsuas yog xibtes loj. Cov khoom lag luam thiab nws cov ntsiab lus tau pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 6. Cov khoom siv S3 series tau siv rau hauv thaj chaw xws li kev saib xyuas kev nkag mus thiab kev nkag mus.

Fig. 5 Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm ntawm OPA

Daim duab 6 Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Quanergy S3 LiDAR

Optical phased array thev naus laus zis nrog kev sib koom ua ke siab tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov kev xav tau ntawm txhua qhov khoom-lub xeev thiab miniaturization ntawm kev ruaj ntseg lidar. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no muaj ob yam tseem ceeb uas txwv tsis pub ntau lawm ntawm OPA kev ruaj ntseg lidar: ua ntej, sab lobes tau yooj yim tsim thaum lub sij hawm kuaj xyuas tiag tiag, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov ntau thiab qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub nqaj; thib ob, kev ua haujlwm nyuaj yog siab. Yog li, OPA kev ruaj ntseg lidar tshuab tseem tsis paub qab hau, thiab nws nyuaj rau ua tiav cov khoom lag luam ntawm theem no.

Cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj:

Yog tias koj muaj lus nug, thov hu rau peb. Txawm peb cov neeg muas zaub nyob qhov twg thiab peb cov kev xav tau yog dab tsi, peb yuav ua raws li peb lub hom phiaj los muab peb cov neeg siv khoom zoo, tus nqi qis, thiab kev pabcuam zoo tshaj plaws.