Hauv kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, ib qho kev xav tsis zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov cuam tshuam lom ntawm X-ray raug ib txwm tam sim ntawd. Thaum siab - qhov xwm txheej ntawm koob tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav nyob rau hauv ib teev, qhov tseeb ntawm hluav taws xob biology yog qhov nyuaj dua. Kev nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov mob hnyav thiab ncua sij hawm yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev kho mob, kev lag luam, lossis kev tshawb fawb ib puag ncig.
Lub tswvyim hais ua dabneeg ntawm Kev puas tsuaj tam sim: Yuav ua li cas hluav taws xob cuam tshuam nrog lub cev
Thaum X-rays nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev-ionization- tshwm sim hauv ib feem ntawm ib pliag. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiaj ntsig lom neeg ua raws li lub sijhawm sib txawv. Kev puas tsuaj hluav taws xob yog dav faib ua ob hom:
1. Kev Txiav Txim Siab (Kev Mob Ntsws/Tissue Reactions)
Cov teebmeem no muaj cov koob tshuaj meej meej. Hauv qab qhov pib no, cov nyhuv yuav tsis tshwm sim. Saum toj no, qhov hnyav ntawm qhov kev puas tsuaj nce nrog cov koob tshuaj. Cov no feem ntau yog "mob" cuam tshuam uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov sij hawm, hnub, los yog lub lis piam ntawm raug.
Cov tsos mob:Cov tawv nqaij erythema (reddening), plaub hau poob, thiab nyob rau hauv mob hnyav, hluav taws xob kub hnyiab los yog mob hluav taws xob mob (xws li, ntuav, thiab pob txha pob txha depletion).
Sijhawm Sijhawm:Cov tsos mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib teev rau cov koob tshuaj ntau heev, lossis siv sij hawm ntau lub lis piam kom pom qhov tshwm sim me ntsis.
2. Cov teebmeem Stochastic (Ntev / Ntev-lub sijhawm)
Cov teebmeem no yog qhov tshwm sim. Tsis muaj qhov chaw nyab xeeb; Txawm tias cov koob tshuaj tsawg muaj qhov pheej hmoo me me. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim nce nrog koob tshuaj, tab sis qhov hnyav tsis ua.
Cov tsos mob:Cancer (xws li leukemia lossis thyroid cancer) thiab kev hloov ntawm caj ces.
Sijhawm Sijhawm:Qhov no yog qhov "lub sijhawm latency" dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Radiation-mob qog nqaij hlav feem ntau tsis tshwm sim txog 5 txog 20 xyoo, lossis txawm tias kaum xyoo, tom qab pib kis.
Lub Sidden Danger ntawm Latency Periods
Lub sijhawm latency yog lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm qhov raug hluav taws xob thiab cov tsos mob ntawm cov tsos mob. Qhov kev ncua no yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm vim tias nws tuaj yeem tsim qhov tsis tseeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb.
Piv txwv li, tus kws tshaj lij uas ua haujlwm tas li yam tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo yuav zoo rau ntau xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib npaug qis - koob tshuaj raug ua rau ntsiag to ua puas cellular DNA. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias qis - koob tshuaj X- irradiation tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb chromosomal aberrations hauv cov hlwb, uas thaum kawg yuav ua rau genomic instability thiab mob qog noj ntshav. Los ntawm lub sij hawm cov tsos mob ntawm kev puas tsuaj los yog malignancy tshwm sim, cov koob tshuaj cumulative twb tau absorbed, ua rau kev tiv thaiv tsuas yog siv tau.
Vim li casKev Tiv Thaiv Leadyog Koj Thawj Kab Kev Tiv Thaiv
Vim tias lub cev tsis tuaj yeem "xav" X-rays thiab qhov tshwm sim loj tshaj plaws yog ncua qeeb, kev cia siab rau cov tsos mob ntawm lub cev los ntsuas kev nyab xeeb yog qhov ua rau tuag taus. Qhov no yog qhov uas science ntawmhlau thaivua tsis tau -negotiable.
Physics ntawmLead Shielding
X-rays yog ib hom hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Lead (Pb) yog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws vim nws cov lej atomic siab (82) thiab siab ceev. Thaum X-ray photons tawm tsam cov hlau lead, lawv tau nqus los ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo li cov nyhuv photoelectric thiab Compton tawg, tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev mus txog lub cev tseem ceeb.
Cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv
Tsis yog tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg sib npaug rau cov hluav taws xob. Siv tautxhuas tiv thaivtsom mus rau lub cev feem ntau radiosensitive thaj chaw:
- Cov thyroid caj pas:Cov thyroid ua rau raug hluav taws xob heev -induced cancer. Ib qho yooj yimua cov thyroid caj pastuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo no.
- Gonads (Cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav):Radiation tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv caj ces uas yuav cuam tshuam rau cov tiam tom ntej.Lead apronslos yog gonadal shields yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev khaws cia fertility thiab genetic kev ncaj ncees.
- Lens ntawm Qhov Muag:Kev raug mob ntev tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob cataracts. Lead- iav impregnated yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov kws kho hluav taws xob cuam tshuam thiab cov kws tshaj lij ua haujlwm ze ntawm lub teeb.
Xaus: Kev Tiv Thaiv Tshaj Tawm
Lo lus nug "Puas tawg puas tsuaj tam sim?" muaj lus teb nuanced. Txawm hais tias cov ntaub so ntswg puas tuaj yeem ua tau sai, qhov kev hem thawj loj tshaj plaws - mob qog noj ntshav thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm caj ces - ua haujlwm raws sijhawm ntawm xyoo lossis ntau xyoo.
Hauv kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob, peb ua raws li ALARA txoj cai (Raws li Tsawg Raws Li Tsim Nyog Ua Tau). Txij li thaum peb tsis tuaj yeem thim rov qab qhov cuam tshuam qeeb ntawm DNA puas thaum lawv tshwm sim, qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum nyob twj ywm rau kev tiv thaiv nruj. Hnav kom haumcoj aprons, thyroid shields, thiab sivmobile lead barrierstsis yog cov kev cai tswj hwm nkaus xwb; lawv yog tib txoj kev txhim khu kev qha los cuam tshuam txoj hauv kev ntawm hluav taws xob thiab tiv thaiv koj lub sijhawm ntev - noj qab haus huv.