Koj puas paub Cov Kab Dav Dav Dav Laser Technology?

Koj xav li cas thaum koj xav txog lasers? A  laser ntaj wielded los ntawm General Grievous hauv Star Wars? Los yog ib qho ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob tuag taus los ntawm Resident Evil? Los yog Scott lub qhov muag laser los ntawm X-txiv neej uas tuaj yeem hlawv txhua yam? Cov "lasers", raws li lawv paub, feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib co science ntawv tseeb ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub hwj chim thiab siab zog, uas qhia tau hais tias muaj hwj chim loj (saib daim duab 1).

Nyob rau hauv lub neej tiag tiag, lasers kuj tau nyiag mus rau ntau qhov kev lag luam, los ntawm kev kho mob xws li laser cosmetology thiab kho myopia mus rau kev lag luam kev lag luam xws li laser npav, txiav, thiab vuam, nrog rau cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev lag luam xws li radar nrhiav pom, microscopic. duab, thiab quantum kev sib txuas lus uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no. Tam sim no, laser tshuab tau ua tau zoo tshaj plaws los txhawb kev txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg hauv teb chaws, biomedical, ntse tsim, thiab cov ntaub ntawv.

Txawm li cas los xij, puas yog cov lasers peb xav tau txhua tus yuav tsum muaj lub zog siab thiab zoo "txiav txim siab" raws li qhia hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab?

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, peb yuav tsum saib cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub laser sib txawv ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo ib txwm muaj, raws li pom hauv daim duab 2, peb tau hais ua ntej hauv zaj duab xis thiab TV ua haujlwm lub laser muaj cov yam ntxwv muaj zog, feem ntau sib npaug rau qhov ci ntsa iab (lub zog. ) ntawm lub laser, tab sis kuj qhia txog lub laser muaj ib tug zoo directional yam ntxwv.

Tsis tas li ntawd, monochromaticity thiab coherence kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev mloog. Lub teeb tawm los ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo ib txwm yog qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau zaus, yog li nws muaj ntau yam xim, thiab ntau yam photons emission los ntawm laser muaj tib zaus, yog li nws yog ib qho zoo heev monochromatic teeb qhov chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, vim hais tias lub laser zoo siab hluav taws xob photons zoo ib yam nyob rau hauv theem, muaj ib tug taag theem kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub cross-section ntawm lub laser beam nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub resonator, yog li muab piv rau qhov zoo tib yam lub teeb qhov chaw, lub coherence. ntawm laser kuj zoo heev. Ua ke nrog lub laser zoo heev monochromaticity thiab coherence yam ntxwv, txawm tias tsis muaj lub zog siab "halo" ntawm kilowatts thiab 10, 000 watts, lasers tseem tuaj yeem siv dav hauv spectral technology, optical ntsuas, thiab lwm yam.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm laser sib txawv ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo ib txwm muaj

Niaj hnub no, peb yuav qhia ib tug "monochromatic" laser rau huab - nqaim linewidth laser. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm daim ntawv thov laser, thiab nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no tau dav siv nyob rau hauv gravitational yoj nrhiav kom tau, liDAR, faib sensing, high-speed coherent optical kev sib txuas lus, thiab lwm yam teb, uas yog ib tug "lub hom phiaj" uas tsis muaj peev xwm. ua tiav tsuas yog los ntawm kev txhim kho lub zog laser.

Realization thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm nqaim linewidth laser

Txwv tsis pub los ntawm qhov nce hauv linewidth ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm ntawm lub laser, nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom paub ncaj qha cov zis ntawm lub nqaim linewidth laser los ntawm kev cia siab rau cov tsoos oscillator nws tus kheej. Txhawm rau kom paub txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm nqaim linewidth laser, feem ntau yuav tsum tau siv cov ntxaij lim dej, grating, thiab lwm yam khoom siv los txwv lossis xaiv cov qauv longitudinal hauv qhov nce spectrum thiab ua kom cov txiaj ntsig nce qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv longitudinal, kom muaj. ob peb lossis txawm tias tsuas yog ib hom longitudinal oscillation hauv laser resonator. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tswj cov suab nrov ntawm lub laser tso zis, thiab txo qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm cov kab spectral uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev vibration thiab kub hloov ntawm ib puag ncig sab nraud; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem tuaj yeem ua ke nrog kev tsom xam ntawm theem lossis zaus lub suab nrov spectral ceev kom nkag siab txog lub hauv paus ntawm lub suab nrov thiab ua kom zoo dua qhov tsim ntawm lub laser, thiaj li ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ruaj khov ntawm qhov nqaim linewidth laser.

Cia wb mus saib qhov kev paub ntawm qhov nqaim linewidth ua haujlwm ntawm ntau pawg sib txawv ntawm lasers.

1) Semiconductor laser

Semiconductor lasers muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov loj me, kev ua haujlwm siab, lub neej ntev, thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam.

Fabry-Perot (FP) optical resonator siv nyob rau hauv cov tsoos semiconductor lasers feem ntau oscillates nyob rau hauv multi-longitudinal hom, thiab cov zis kab dav dav, yog li nws yog tsim nyog los ua kom cov optical tawm tswv yim kom tau cov zis ntawm nqaim kab dav.

Distributed tawm tswv yim (DFB) thiab faib Bragg reflection (DBR) yog ob qho tib si sab hauv kho qhov muag tawm tswv yim semiconductor lasers. Lawv cov qauv thiab cov zis spectra tau qhia hauv FIG. 5. Vim yog qhov me me grating pitch thiab zoo wavelength selectivity, nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus cuag ruaj khov ib zaus nqaim kab-dav tso zis. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ob lub qauv yog txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub grating: DFB qauv feem ntau faib cov qauv ntawm lub sijhawm Bragg grating thoob plaws hauv lub resonator, thiab lub resonator ntawm DBR feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov kev xav grating qauv thiab cov cheeb tsam nce kev koom ua ke. qhov kawg nto. Tsis tas li ntawd, DFB lasers siv embedded gratings nrog tsawg refractive index contrast thiab tsawg reflectivity. DBR lasers siv nto gratings nrog siab refractive index contrast thiab siab reflectivity. Ob lub qauv muaj qhov loj dawb spectral ntau yam thiab tuaj yeem ua qhov wavelength tuning yam tsis muaj hom dhia hauv qhov ntau ntawm ob peb nanometers, qhov twg DBR laser muaj qhov dav dav dua li DFB laser.

Tsis tas li ntawd, sab nraud kab noj hniav kho qhov muag tawm tswv yim thev naus laus zis, uas siv cov khoom siv kho qhov muag sab nraud los tawm tswv yim lub teeb tawm ntawm semiconductor laser nti thiab xaiv qhov zaus, kuj tuaj yeem paub qhov nqaim linewidth ua haujlwm ntawm semiconductor laser.

2) Fiber lasers

Fiber lasers muaj lub twj tso kua mis hloov dua siab tshiab efficiency, zoo beam zoo, thiab siab coupling efficiency, uas yog kub tshawb fawb cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub laser teb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hnub nyoog, fiber ntau lasers muaj zoo compatibility nrog tam sim no optical fiber kev sib txuas lus systems nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam. Ib leeg-zaus fiber ntau laser nrog qhov zoo ntawm txoj kab nqaim dav, tsis tshua muaj suab nrov, thiab kev sib raug zoo tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob.

Tib hom kev ua haujlwm ntev yog cov tub ntxhais ntawm fiber ntau laser kom ua tiav cov kab dav dav dav, feem ntau raws li cov qauv ntawm cov resonator ntawm ib zaus fiber ntau laser tuaj yeem muab faib ua DFB hom, DBR hom, thiab lub nplhaib hom. Ntawm lawv, txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm DFB thiab DBR ib zaug fiber ntau lasers zoo ib yam li DFB thiab DBR semiconductor lasers.

DFB fiber ntau laser yog los sau qhov faib Bragg grating rau hauv fiber ntau. Vim tias qhov ua haujlwm wavelength ntawm lub oscillator cuam tshuam los ntawm lub sijhawm fiber ntau, hom longitudinal tuaj yeem xaiv los ntawm cov lus qhia tawm ntawm cov grating. Lub laser resonator ntawm DBR laser feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm ib khub ntawm fiber ntau Bragg gratings, thiab ib hom longitudinal feem ntau yog xaiv los ntawm qhov nqaim band thiab qis reflectivity fiber Bragg gratings. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias nws cov resonator ntev, cov qauv nyuaj, thiab tsis muaj kev sib ntxub ntxaug ntau zaus, lub nplhaib-zoo li kab noj hniav yog nquag mus rau hom hopping, thiab nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau ua hauj lwm stably nyob rau hauv tas li longitudinal hom rau lub sij hawm ntev.

3) Solid-state laser

Nyob rau hauv 1960, lub ntiaj teb thawj ruby ​​laser yog ib tug solid-state laser, tus yam ntxwv los ntawm lub siab tso zis zog thiab ib tug dav wavelength kev pab them nqi. Qhov tshwj xeeb spatial qauv ntawm solid-state laser ua rau nws yooj yim dua nyob rau hauv tus tsim ntawm nqaim linewidth tso zis. Tam sim no, cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tau siv suav nrog txoj kev luv luv kab noj hniav, ib txoj kev nplhaib kab noj hniav, txoj hauv kev intracavity, torsion pendulum hom kab noj hniav txoj kev, ntim Bragg grating txoj kev, thiab cov noob txhaj tshuaj.

Cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj:

Yog tias koj muaj lus nug, thov hu rau peb. Txawm peb cov neeg muas zaub nyob qhov twg thiab peb cov kev xav tau yog dab tsi, peb yuav ua raws li peb lub hom phiaj los muab peb cov neeg siv khoom zoo, tus nqi qis, thiab kev pabcuam zoo tshaj plaws.